H. Onno Ruding worked at the Ministry of Finance, The Hague, Amsterdam-Rotterdam Bank (AMRO Bank), and, later, as a member of the Board of Managing Directors of AMRO and Chairman of AMRO International Ltd. He was elected Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington, D.C. in 1976 and held that post for four years. He also served as the Minister of Finance of The Netherlands, for the Christian Democratic Party (CDA). He first became a Director of Citicorp in July 1990 and was later appointed Vice Chairman of Citicorp/Citibank in New York.  After the merger of Citicorp and Travelers Group into Citigroup, in 1998, he served as Vice Chairman and Director of Citicorp and Citibank N.A. He became Chairman of the Board of the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) in Brussels, the largest independent think-tank in Europe addressing subjects related to European integration. After he retired from this chairmanship, he became Honorary Chairman and remained on the Board of CEPS. In October 2008 the European Commission appointed him as a member of the High Level Expert Group on EU financial supervision. He is the author of “There is more at stake than just money; articles and speeches 1992-2002”, “Market and Morals” and of many other publications on international and Dutch banking, monetary policy, and taxation, as well as on political matters.